It's a stars life

   Welcome to my blog. In this blog I will talk about a stars life. You know the spheres of gas like our sun. I will talk about how they are born, go through their middle age, and then die. Also included will be how a star's mass effects its evolution. 








   In stars unlike humans they do not inherit things. The life cycle of a star is determined by its mass. If a star is small in comparison it will go like this: Protostar, Main Sequence, Red Giant, then White Dwarf. If the star is a giant then it will go like this: Protostar, Main Sequence, red giant, Supernova, then Planetary Nebula. If a star is super giant it will go like the giant star but will be a black hole at death.

  First up are baby stars. Stars are formed by being inside a star-forming nebula. These places are dark, cold and dense. The dust and matter in the nebula will come together and create an object. Matter comes together to form an object because of gravity. When the matter gets dense enough it forms a Protostar. Protostars are objects that are big and hot enough to have nuclear fusion and they are the birth of a star before they ignite. The whole surface will soon release gas and fire because of the heat and the star becomes an adult.

  The next step is the main sequence step to a stars life. This step is the longest in a stars life cycle and our sun is in this stage right now. This is like adulthood for a star. The main sequence is when it stops aging rapidly. Like humans from 7-10 years old you will change a lot, but from 30-45 you will change a little.

  The next stage is the middle age part of a star where the star begins to die. Stars become a red giant during this stage. This happens because the star is running out of hydrogen atoms. During nuclear fusion the star starts to make different atoms like oxygen and carbon dioxide. The stars get bigger and will get darker. When our sun becomes a red giant in about 4 billion years it will destroy Earth.

  




   The next part of a stars life is determined by their mass. If a star has a small mass in comparison to others it will be a white dwarf and will die quietly. White dwarfs are usually small and very dense. They are what remains of an old star's core. If a star is a giant or super giant star than it will become a  supernova and will blow up after being a red giant. It blows up because of its mass. 

   There is one more stage after that for giant and super giants. The giant stars will become a neutron star because of how dense it is. Neutron stars give off an electric current. A Super giant star will become a .... Black Hole! The mass of the star is so great that it collapses on itself. The black hole is the biggest, then the neutron star and then it goes to the white dwarf.

  




 Our sun will not go in to supernova mode and become a black hole and destroy Earth. The red giant stage would destroy Earth; but don't worry that is so long away from now. Our sun will become a white dwarf after becoming a red giant. The sun will do this because its mass is not big enough to explode like the super giant and giant stars.


   When a star dies its matter has to go somewhere. Small stars will spread matter when in the red giant stage. When they become smaller they leave behind some matter to create an outline of where they were. Giant and Super Giant stars will spread matter when they blow up. They will make the matter fly everywhere in space.

               

Spectacular Stars

  Aloha, Hola, bonjour and Hello are words that mean welcome. On this blog I am talking about the one and only Sun and some other exciting stars like VY Canis Majoris the largest star that we know of. So lets get started.

  First thing up on our trip to the outreaches of space is how in the world do the stars glow so bright. Well, stars glow because of their enormous amount of heat they generate. When an object is hot that means the atoms are moving faster than normal. Since the stars have a huge amount of heat their atoms move so fast that when the collide they sometimes combine into a bigger atom with a bigger nucleus, which is called....




  When Nuclear Fusion happens it releases a giant amount of energy that keeps big balls of gas in space together. Nuclear Fusion happens at a stars core where the heat and pressure is the greatest. When the huge amount of energy is released into space it makes stars shine.

  Now we will talk about the classification of stars. Scientist classify stars by the color of the shine. The colors of the star shine are red, yellow and blue. Red stars are usually the smallest and coolest. Blue stars are usually the biggest and the hottest. Yellow is usually has a medium size and temperature.




   The sun has an atmosphere that changes often, but its surface can stay the same for millions of years. I mean it can change over years or minutes. Just look and see what happens over a short period of time.

 





There are things called sun spots on the Sun. They are spots where the magnetic field is very strong. They are usually cooler than the rest of the places on the sun, but you could still not live on the sun. Sun spots follow an 11 year cycle so the amount of sun spots change over time. One sunspot is about the size of Earth.  Sunspots can effect the transmition of electronic communication.  So, if your phone has a lot of static sometimes it maybe due to a a lot of sunspot activity.

Now we move on to the last part of this blog. There are different zones on the sun. The corona is the biggest part of the suns atmosphere. It is hotter than the Photosphere and the Chromosphere. The chromosphere is the second part of the atmosphere that is closer to the surface. The photoshpere is the surface of the sun, but it is still made of gas. The convection zone is where cool gas goes down further into the sun and the hot gas goes up to the suns atmosphere. The radioactive zone is the zone right above the suns core. It is full of cool hydrogen. The core is the hottest part of the sun where the temperature is millions of degrees farenheight.

Here is a video about star comparison.

BYE!

Science Fair 2012

     Hi today I am talking about the Science Fair!  The Science Fair happens once every year and I am going to blog about my Science Fair experience this year.




   My Science Fair experiment was on The Heat Capacity of Water! I know you don't know what that means, but that is why I am here. The heat capacity of water is how much electrical energy is used to heat  water in a limited source of water and power. What it really means is how much electricity is used to heat water.


  I chose this project because it was something I never did before. I thought it would be cool to try something new and harder. This project is at a 7th grade level. I did the science fair topic wizard on the Internet to find a project.


  
Materials that I used for the experiment.

• Electric Calorimeter

• 6 volt battery

• Multimeter 

• thermometer

• wire

 

• timer

 

• alligator clips

 

• measuring cup

 

• 175 milliliters of distilled water

   I had to order the thermometer and the electric calorimeter on the Internet. It took about two weeks for them to get to my house. I bought the 6 volt battery from Walmart. I used my phone for the timer. I got the wire, the multimeter, alligator clips measuring cup and the distilled water from my house.






  The easiest part for me doing my project was creating the poster board. I had the Data and results to put on my poster board. I had a graph and some pictures. I had the Question, Hypothesis, Materials, Procedure, Data, Graph and my conclusion on my poster board. 






   The hardest thing that I did in the Science Fair preparations was testing my experiment. I had to have an exact temperature and the amount of water had to be at 175 milliliters. I had to check the water about every 10 minutes for 3 hours each test. I had to check the temperature and the volts which I checked on the Multimeter. I had to test it 5 times so it would be a total of 15 hours.




  My variables were the time I checked on the water and putting salt in the water when testing. The salt really didn't changed anything. I checked back on the water at different times and after 2 hours and 44 mins nothing was changing.


  I learned that water heats up slowly and releases heat slowly. I already knew that electricity could turn into heat. I also learned that a multimeter measures different types of currents including oms which are the resistance of an object.




  I felt proud of my project and the choices I made. I could of presented it a little bit better and I could of had a log book besides that I think I did good. At the beginning I was so scared, but then later on I felt better about it and felt more confident.




  I liked that I had pictures of my experiment and I had a project that took time and didn't take like 30 minutes to complete. I could of had a log book and tested my project a few more times to put on my graph.








This is an outline of what your poster board should look like.












                     

            

I used this website to find an experiment: HERE
I used this website to order the stuff I needed: HERE


                     

The Outer planets

     Hi today I am blogging about the outer planets. I will explain how they relate to each other and how they are different from the inner planets. I will also discuss what they are made of and what their atmosphere is like.  I will also detail their structure and unique qualities for each planet.

  First is how the outer planets are alike. The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. They are sometimes referred to as the Gas Giants. The are called Gas Giants because they are huge compared to Earth and are made of gases. The Inner planets are called terrestrial planets because they are made of rock. They all have strong gravity because of their size. They also have a gas layer and liquid layer around their core. Inner planets have a liquid layer and solid layer around their core.

   Now I am blogging about what the outer planets are made of. They are made up of multiple types of gases like nitrogen, helium and hydrogen. They do not have a solid surface. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune all have a liquid mooshy surface. On any of the Outer planets you would sink to the core and be crushed because there is no real surface. All of the planets have a rocky core. Scientists think the core is rocky, but it is only a theory.

                 
   

  Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. Jupiter is the closest gas giant to the sun. It has a liquid hydrogen surface so you can not stand on Jupiter. Jupiter's is 80% hydrogen and 20% helium. Its atmosphere is about 1,000 km thick. Its great red spot is actually a hurricane. Jupiter's atmosphere applies so much pressure that hydrogen turns into a liquid. The core can easily fit a Earth in it.




  Jupiter has 63 moons orbiting around it! A famous astronomer named Galileo Galilei spotted the four biggest moons of Jupiter in 1610. They were called Galilean moons because he found them. The moons are Io, Europa, Callisto and Ganymede. Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system that we know about.






  Jupiter's day is less than ten hours long! Jupiter's year is about 12 of our years or Earth years. Jupiter has rings, but are not seen easily. Jupiter's mass is more than twice as big than all the planets combined. Over 1,000 Earths can fit in Jupiter. Its diameter is a surprising 11 times as big as Earths.

                  


  Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system. It is the sixth planet from the sun. It also has a liquid hydrogen surface like Jupiter. Saturn is 90% hydrogen and 10% helium. Saturn has such a low density that it can float on water. Saturn has seven sets of rings around it. Saturn's rings are one of the main features of Saturn. Saturn has 60 moons. There are moons in the rings called Shepherd moons. They keep the rings in place. Saturn's biggest moon is Titan and is the second largest moon that we know of. Titan has an atmosphere which is the first moon to have one.
   
   
   The rings have icy particles in them. Scientist think that an icy object of some sort crashed into a moon and then made the rings. The biggest ring of the seven is 70,000 km wide but yet it is only 30 m thick. That is small in comparison. The rings are called by letter. The first ring discovered is called a ring and the second one is called b ring and so on till the g ring.
  
   Saturn's day is about 10 and a 1/2 hours long. It's year is almost 30 Earth years. It's diameter is 9 and a 1/2 times bigger than Earth. Saturn's mass is 95 times bigger than Earth's. The winds on Saturn can reach up to about 1,400 km per hour. Saturn's atmosphere is about 1,000 km thick.

 

  Now on to Uranus. Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun and the third largest planet in our solar system. Uranus has 27 moons that orbit around it. Its day is 17 hours long and its year is 84 Earth years. Uranus' has a little bit less atmosphere than earth. So you would weigh less on Uranus. Uranus is known as the sideways planet. It has rings like Jupiter and Saturn, but they are really close together and not spread out. The rings are about 4 times bigger in diameter. Uranus has an atmosphere made of hydrogen and helium like the other outer planets with some traces of methane. Then there is a liquid layer beneath the atmosphere made of water, ammonia and some other materials. Astronomers think Uranus may have a rocky solid core like the other planets.
   Uranus is tilted 98° on its side which makes seasons pretty weird. One side gets sun for 42 years straight then darkness for 42 years straight. When Uranus spins on its axis it spins sideways. Scientists think that a moon or something the size of Earth crashed into it. Then turned Uranus sideways.  The two largest moons are Titania and Oberon. Titania and Oberon's names were used in a mid-summer nights dream. Titania is covered in ice which means it could possibly have an ocean on it.

                                                                                                       

     


   The last planet is called Neptune. Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun and the fourth largest planet in our solar system. Its atmosphere is just like Uranus. It has hydrogen and helium with some methane in it. Neptune's surface is like Uranus. It has water, ammonia and some other materials in it. Its core is made of rock and iron like all of the other planets. Neptune has 13 moons. Neptune's day is about 16 hours long. The year on Neptune is about 165 Earth years. That is almost twice as long as Uranus's year. Every single person that has lived on Earth and is living on Earth would die before their first birthday on Neptune. Neptune's mass is 17 times as much as Earth's mass and the diameter of Neptune is about 3.9 times bigger than Earth's.
    Among the thirteen moons orbiting around Neptune the biggest moon is Triton. Triton has a frozen layer of nitrogen and has multiple geysers that erupt nitrogen. Neptune has a small ring system that is not seen very well. Voyager 2 was the first space craft to take pictures of Neptune and its rings.
   

               Roman gods time!
       (everything in here is based off of Roman releigon)

Apollo was the god of music and the Sun. He had a chariot that controlled the suns rays, played the lyre and he did not have any special name in roman religion.

Mercury (Hermes) was the messenger god and was called Mercury because he was very fast. The planet Mercury has such a short 

orbit it appears to be very fast.

                                                 

Venus (Aphrodite) was called this because the planet Venus looks beautiful to people from far away and Aphrodite was the goddess of love so she was called Venus.

Luna (Artemis) is the Earth's moon and Artemis was the goddess of the hunt and moved the moon around Earth, so she was then called Luna .

Mars (Ares) was called Mars because of the planet Mars Red color which usually stands for blood and there is a lot of blood in war.

Jupiter (Zeus) got his name because Jupiter is the biggest planet and the planet Jupiter looks like the ruler of the solar system and Zeus is the ruler of the gods.

Saturn (Cronos) was the god of time and was ruler of the sky before Jupiter and after Uranus. His children were Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto. His children were the gods of air, water, and death which was stuff that time has real effect on.

Uranus (Cronoses father and Gaia) looks like it is split in half by its rings and the god of time's father was the sky and Gaia was the Earth.They had a fight and split apart which made the sky apart from the Earth so they were called Uranus.

Neptune (Poseidon) was called this because the planet looks like it is all ocean on its surface because of its blue color and Poseidon  was the god of the sea so he was called Neptune.

Pluto (Hades) was called this because he was always alone in the underworld and the planet Pluto was the farthest planet from the sun and was the coldest which would be lonely and coldhearted if it was a person like Hades so he was called Pluto.

Click HERE to learn more about all of the planets, Pluto and more.

Click HERE or HERE to learn about the Roman gods.

Click HERE to play a review game on the outer planets.

If you like the text that I used click on this link.

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                    BYE!